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Compare Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2008) - Macau (2002)

Compare Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2008) z Macau (2002)

 Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2008)Macau (2002)
 Saint Pierre and MiquelonMacau
Administrative divisions none (territorial overseas collectivity of France); note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are two communes - Saint Pierre, Miquelon at the second order none (special administrative region of China)
Age structure 0-14 years: 23% (male 827/female 790)


15-64 years: 65.9% (male 2,352/female 2,288)


65 years and over: 11.1% (male 359/female 420) (2007 est.)
0-14 years: 21.8% (male 52,262; female 48,439)


15-64 years: 70.9% (male 154,942; female 172,647)


65 years and over: 7.3% (male 13,616; female 19,927) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products vegetables; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish rice, vegetables
Airports 2 (2007) 1 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2007)
total: 1


over 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Area total: 242 sq km


land: 242 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes eight small islands in the Saint Pierre and the Miquelon groups
total: 25.4 sq km


land: 25.4 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC
Background First settled by the French in the early 17th century, the islands represent the sole remaining vestige of France's once vast North American possessions. Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 20 December 1999. China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practiced in Macau and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs.
Birth rate 13.08 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) 12.19 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues: $70 million


expenditures: $60 million (1996 est.)
revenues: $1.15 billion


expenditures: $1.03 billion, including capital expenditures of $166 million (2000 est.)
Capital name: Saint-Pierre


geographic coordinates: 46 46 N, 56 11 W


time difference: UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)


daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November
-
Climate cold and wet, with much mist and fog; spring and autumn are windy subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers
Coastline 120 km 41 km
Constitution 4 October 1958 (French Constitution) Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution"
Country name conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon


conventional short form: Saint Pierre and Miquelon


local long form: Departement de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon


local short form: Saint-Pierre et Miquelon
conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region


conventional short form: Macau


local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese)


local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese)
Currency - pataca (MOP)
Death rate 6.82 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) 3.78 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external $NA $1.5 billion (1998)
Dependency status self-governing territorial overseas collectivity of France special administrative region of China
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territorial overseas collectivity of France) the US has no offices in Macau, and US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territorial overseas collectivity of France) none (special administrative region of China)
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient approximately $60 million in annual grants from France $NA
Economy - overview The inhabitants have traditionally earned their livelihood by fishing and by servicing fishing fleets operating off the coast of Newfoundland. The economy has been declining, however, because of disputes with Canada over fishing quotas and a steady decline in the number of ships stopping at Saint Pierre. In 1992, an arbitration panel awarded the islands an exclusive economic zone of 12,348 sq km to settle a longstanding territorial dispute with Canada, although it represents only 25% of what France had sought. France heavily subsidizes the islands to the great betterment of living standards. The government hopes an expansion of tourism will boost economic prospects. Fish farming, crab fishing, and agriculture are being developed to diversify the local economy. Recent test drilling for oil may pave the way for development of the energy sector. Macau's economy two years after reversion to China remains one of the most open in the world, according to the World Trade Organization. The government collects no duty on imports and sets no restrictions on exports beyond those required by international agreements. The territory's net exports of goods and services account for 35% of GDP, with tourism and apparel exports as the mainstays. The territory therefore has been hit hard by the 2001 downturn in its key US and EU export markets. Tourism remained strong, however, driven by a surge in visitors from mainland China. In response to the expected contraction of the economy in 2002, the government has announced a stimulative income tax cut and public works program that will push the budget into deficit. China already has extended support by easing restrictions on travel to Macau and is proposing a China-Hong Kong-Macau free trade area. China's economic weight is increasingly felt, with the mainland now holding more than 50% of assets in the financial, real estate, and construction sectors. Mainlanders, however, have been excluded from bidding on the gambling industry licenses that Macau is offering to break up the territory's four-decade-old gambling monopoly. Gambling taxes account for up to 60% of revenue, and the government with Beijing's backing intends to revitalize the industry.
Electricity - consumption 46.5 million kWh (2005) 1.476 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2005) 1 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2005) 175 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production 50 million kWh (2005) 1.4 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Morne de la Grande Montagne 240 m
lowest point: South China Sea 0 m


highest point: Coloane Alto 172.4 m
Environment - current issues recent test drilling for oil in waters around Saint Pierre and Miquelon may bring future development that would impact the environment NA
Ethnic groups Basques and Bretons (French fishermen) Chinese 95%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry), Portuguese, other
Exchange rates euros per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003) patacas per US dollar - 8.033 (January 2002), 8.034 (2001), 8.026 (2000), 7.992 (1999), 7.979 (1998), 7.975 (1997); note - linked to the Hong Kong dollar at the rate of 1.03 patacas per Hong Kong dollar
Executive branch chief of state: President Nicolas SARKOZY (since 16 May 2007); represented by Prefect Yves FAUQUEUR (since 28 August 2006)


head of government: President of the Territorial Council Stephane ARTANO (since 21 February 2007)


cabinet: NA


elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 21 April 2002 (first round) and 5 May 2002 (second round) (next to be held in 2007); prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the Territorial Council is elected by the members of the council
chief of state: President of China JIANG Zemin (since 27 March 1993)


head of government: Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20 December 1999)


cabinet: Executive Council consists of all five government secretaries, three legislators, and two businessmen


elections: chief executive chosen by a 200-member selection committee for up to two five-year terms
Exports 0 bbl/day (2004) $2.5 billion f.o.b. (2000)
Exports - commodities fish and fish products, soybeans, animal feed, mollusks and crustaceans, fox and mink pelts clothing, textiles, cement, electronics, cameras
Exports - partners Spain 33.6%, Belgium 21.8%, India 18.3%, France 9.4%, US 7.5% (2006) US 48%, EU 28%, China 10%, Hong Kong 7% (2000)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description a yellow sailing ship facing the hoist side rides on a dark blue background with yellow wavy lines under the ship; on the hoist side, a vertical band is divided into three parts: the top part (called ikkurina) is red with a green diagonal cross extending to the corners overlaid by a white cross dividing the rectangle into four sections; the middle part has a white background with an ermine pattern; the third part has a red background with two stylized yellow lions outlined in black, one above the other; these three heraldic arms represent settlement by colonists from the Basque Country (top), Brittany, and Normandy; the flag of France is used for official occasions light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller
GDP - purchasing power parity - $8 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
agriculture: 1%


industry: 25%


services: 74% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $17,600 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate NA% 0.5% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 46 50 N, 56 20 W 22 10 N, 113 33 E
Geography - note vegetation scanty essentially urban; one causeway and two bridges connect the two islands of Coloane and Taipa to the peninsula on mainland
Highways - total: 50 km


paved: 50 km


unpaved: 0 km (2001)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports 541.6 bbl/day (2004) $2.3 billion c.i.f. (2000)
Imports - commodities meat, clothing, fuel, electrical equipment, machinery, building materials clothing, textiles, yarn, minerals, electrical machinery, fuel, livestock
Imports - partners France 51.3%, Canada 31.8%, Belgium 4.1% (2006) China 41%, Hong Kong 15%, EU 10%, Taiwan 10%, Japan 6% (2000)
Independence none (territorial collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763) none (special administrative region of China)
Industrial production growth rate NA% NA%
Industries fish processing and supply base for fishing fleets; tourism tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys
Infant mortality rate total: 7.21 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 8.26 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 6.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
4.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 8.1% (2005) -2% (2001 est.)
International organization participation UPU, WFTU CCC, ESCAP (associate), IHO, IMO (associate), Interpol (subbureau), ISO (correspondent), UNESCO (associate), WMO, WToO (associate), WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 1 (2000)
Irrigated land NA NA sq km
Judicial branch Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel The Court of Final Appeal in the Macau Special Administrative Region
Labor force 3,450 (2005) 218,000 (2001)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture: 18%


industry: 41%


services: 41% (1996 est.)
restaurants and hotels 26%, manufacturing 20%, other services and agriculture 54% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total: 0.34 km


border countries: China 0.34 km
Land use arable land: 12.5%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 87.5% (2005)
arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100%


note: "green areas" represent 22.4% (1998 est.)
Languages French (official) Portuguese, Chinese (Cantonese)
Legal system the laws of France, where applicable, apply based on Portuguese civil law system
Legislative branch unicameral Territorial Council or Conseil Territorial (19 seats, 15 from Saint Pierre and four from Miquelon; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms)


elections: elections last held 19 and 26 in March 2006 (next to be held in March 2012)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - AD 16, Cap sur l'Avenir 2, SPM Ensemble 1


note: Saint Pierre and Miquelon elect one seat to the French Senate; elections last held 26 September 2004 (next to be held in September 2013); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 1; Saint Pierre and Miquelon also elects one seat to the French National Assembly; elections last held, first round - 9 June 2002, second round - 16 June 2002 (next to be held in 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UDF 1
unicameral Legislative Council or LEGCO (27 seats; 10 elected by popular vote, 10 by indirect vote, and 7 appointed by the chief executive; members serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 23 September 2001 (next to be held NA 2005)


election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats by political bloc - Entertainment Industry 3, pro-democracy 2, pro-Beijing Labor Union 2, pro-Beijing Neighborhood Association 2, pro-business 1
Life expectancy at birth total population: 78.76 years


male: 76.41 years


female: 81.23 years (2007 est.)
total population: 81.78 years


male: 78.97 years


female: 84.73 years (2002 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 99%


male: 99%


female: 99% (1982 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 90%


male: 93%


female: 86% (1981 est.)
Location Northern North America, islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland (Canada) Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China
Map references North America Southeast Asia
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
not specified
Merchant marine - none (2002 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of France responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999
Military branches - no regular indigenous military forces; responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999; there is a local police force
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49: 128,005 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49: 70,508 (2002 est.)
National holiday Bastille Day, 14 July (1789) National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day
Nationality noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women)


adjective: French
noun: Chinese


adjective: Chinese
Natural hazards persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard typhoons
Natural resources fish, deepwater ports NEGL
Net migration rate -4.97 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) 9.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders Archipelago Tomorrow or AD affiliated with UDF/RPR list; Cap sur l'Avenir affiliated with PRG; Left Radical Party or PRG; Rassemblement pour la Republique or RPR (now UMP); Saint Pierre and Miquelon 2000/Avenir Miquelon or SPM 2000/AM; Socialist Party or PS; Union pour la Democratie Francaise or UDF there are no formal political parties, however, there are civic associations that, for purposes of legislative voting, join together to form political blocs
Political pressure groups and leaders NA Catholic Church [Domingos LAM, bishop]; Macau Society of Tourism and Entertainment or STDM [Stanley HO, managing director]; Union for Democracy Development [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong, leader]
Population 7,036 (July 2007 est.) 461,833 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 0.128% (2007 est.) 1.75% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors - Macau
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 160,000 (1997)
Railways - 0 km
Religions Roman Catholic 99%, other 1% Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.047 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.028 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.855 male(s)/female


total population: 1.011 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female


total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal direct election 18 years of age, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies
Telephone system general assessment: adequate


domestic: NA


international: country code - 508; radiotelephone communication with most countries in the world; satellite earth station - 1 in French domestic satellite system
general assessment: fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services


domestic: NA


international: HF radiotelephone communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 4,800 (2002) 176,902 (November 2001)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 158,251 (November 2001)
Television broadcast stations 0 (2 repeaters rebroadcast programs from France, Canada, and the US) (1997) 0 (receives Hong Kong broadcasts) (1997)
Terrain mostly barren rock generally flat
Total fertility rate 2 children born/woman (2007 est.) 1.31 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate 10.3% (1999) 6.5% (2001 est.)
Waterways - none
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